Second Language Acquisition an Example of the Topic Education and science by

Second Language Acquisition Introduction Need essay sample on "Second Language Acquisition" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Learning a second language in adolescence or adulthood often proves a serious challenge for people. To realize what difficulties are involved in the process, researchers need to examine first of all factors of language acquisition, including contextual, social, and psychological ones. Popular theories of effective domain, cognitive styles and multiple intelligences in second language acquisition can also shed light on the dynamics and causes of the process. Factors Of Language Acquisition Second language acquisition can be influenced by a variety of factors: Language Distance: learners will find it easier to master the language that is genealogically related to their own than one that has a different alphabet, grammar, vocabulary etc. Thus, it is easier for a German to pick up English than for a Chinese person. The Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, introduced a system in which languages are placed in four categories depending on their average learning difficulty from the perspective of a native English speaker (Walqui, 2000). Students Very Often Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to make my essay today? Writers recommend: Follow Essaylab Writing Service Cheap Essays Within Hours Professional Writing Services Pay For Essay Papers Write My Essay Online Reviews Native language proficiency: The better the student is acquainted with the academic learning of the mother tongue, its grammatical features, and various academic refinements, the easier it will be to master a forein language (Walqui, 2000). Language Attitudes: It is necessary to understand how a person perceives learning a new language. Thus, students need to understand that learning a second language does not mean giving up one's first language or dialect (Walqui, 2000). Motivation: Motivation, connected to language attitudes, means that students with more enthusiasm for learning will acquire language more quickly. Socio-Psychological Aspects In Second Language Acquisition. Apart from contextual and other factors, there are also factors directly related to social and psychological aspects of personal development. Each inpidual comes to language learning equipped with a certain set of psychological and social characteristics that directly affect this persons process of language acquisition. Among others, there are the following factors that have direct impact on language learning: Age: Although this is debatable, many linguists believe in Noam Chomskys Universal Grammar theory that posits the presence of a special language learning ability that allows a human to acquire a variety of languages as mother tongues (bilingualism) if this happens before a certain age. Similarly, many researchers of the second language acquisition process believe that there is a biological timetable for optimal language learning that stymies the efforts of adolescents and young adults to acquire language (Clyne, n.d., p. 1). An Affective Filter: Stephen Krashen has advanced a theory according to which second language acquisition is guided by an affective filter that includes the variables of motivation, anxiety and self-confidence (Clyne, n.d., p. 2). Language Shock: a concept advanced by John Shulmann meaning the fear of making a fool of oneself when attempting to communicate in a second language (Clyne, n.d., p. 3). This shock can seriously impact the ability of the person to learn a new language. Effective Domain, Cognitive Styles And Multiple Intelligences In Second Language Acquisition Researchers have proposed a number of theories that strive to explain the process of languge acquisition and to propose techniques that would enhance and facilitate language learning experience. Here belongs, for instance Gardners theory of multiple intelligences that proposes the existence of a variety of different forms of intelligence manifest in each human being to a different extent. Gardner suggested a few forms of intelligence (linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (e.g., insight, metacognition) and interpersonal (e.g., social skills)) (TIP, n.d.). Thus, according to Garnder, students, depending on the type of intelligence that is best developed can learn the language most effectively through, for instance, dancing, singing, or any other type of movement (Bell, Lorenzi, 2004). The theory of cognitive styles insists that language learning has to be aligned with inpidual cognitive peculiarities of a person. A persons cognitive style can be measured according to many dimensions, including "field independence vs. dependence", "analytic vs. global processing", "cooperation vs. competition", "tolerance for ambiguity" (Oxford, 2000). The measurement of the learning style according to the Myers-Briggs Type indicator also accounts for extraversion, intuition, emotion vs. thinking, and perception vs. judgment (Oxford, 2000). Finally, cognitive science has debated whether the language acquisition is centered around a specific domain or is spread around many cognitive domains. Many cognitive scientists posit that language learning is governed by a specific domain that includes special memory processes, schema, rules and meaning structures. Reliance on this domain is what can make language learning effective. Conclusion Language learning is a complex process that is governed by an interrelated set of factors that make it a complex subject for research. Scholars by identifying factors that affect second language acquisition are able to produce recommendations that greatly facilitate the work of EFL teachers. However, the emphasis on inpidualised approach, especially visible in cognitive styles and multiple intelligences theories reminds teachers that only practitioners are able to make links between theories and practical learning. Since inpidual learning patterns are vastly different, the teacher needs to be able to recognize and accommodate this difference between learners. References Bell, N.D., & Lorenzi, D. (2004). Facilitating Second Language Acquisition in Elementary and Secondary Physical Education Classes: The Increasingly perse Student Population Makes Every Teacher a Teacher of English. JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 75 (6), pp. 46+. Clyne, S. (n.d.). Psychological Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Why Your International Students are Sundado La Gota Gorda (Sweating Buckets). Retrieved February 20, 2006. Oxford, R. (1989). The Role of Styles and Strategies in Second Language Learning. ERIC Digest. ED317087, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics Washington DC. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.translationdirectory.com/article820.htm Walqui, Ada. Contextual Factors in Second Language Acquisition. CAL Digest, September 2000, EDO-FL-00-05. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/0005contextual.html

A List of English Singulars That Are French Plurals

A List of English Singulars That Are French Plurals Nouns are not always singular in both French and English. Here is a list of words that are singular or uncountable, or have unmarked plurals in English but are plural or countable in French. * These are usually but not always plural in French ** Data is the plural of datum but is commonly used as a singular noun in English *** The plurals of these nouns are unmarked in English **** These nouns are uncountable in English but countable in French In addition, adjectives that are used as nouns when referring to a group of people do not have an s in English, though they do in French: Advice  -   ConseilsAmmunition  -   MunitionsAsparagus - AspergesAttic  -   ComblesAudience  -   Spectateurs, auditeursBaggage, luggage  -   BagagesBroccoli  - BrocolisBusiness  -   AffairesTo cause damage  - Causer des dà ©gà ¢tsCereal  -   Cà ©rà ©alesChess  -   Ãƒâ€°checsClothing  - Và ªtementsContact information/name and address  - Coordonnà ©esDamage  - Dommage(s),* dà ©gà ¢tsDarkness  - Tà ©nà ¨bresData**  - Donnà ©esDebris  - Dà ©brisDeer  - Cerf(s), biche(s)***Deposit  - ArrhesTo do research  - Faire des recherchesEngagement  - Fianà §aillesEvidence - Preuve(s)****To feel remorse  - Éprouver des remordsFish  - Poisson(s)***Food  - Vivres, victuaillesForecast - Prà ©visionsFruit  - Fruit(s)****Funeral - Funà ©railles, obsà ¨quesFurniture  - MeublesGarbage, rubbish  - Dà ©chets, orduresGift (for Christmas or New Years)  - ÉtrennesGraffiti - GraffitisHair - Che veuxHavoc - RavagesHay  - Foins*Herringbone  - ChevronsHoliday(s) (British English) - VacancesHomework - DevoirsIncome  - Revenu(s), rente(s)*Information  - Informations, renseignementsKnowledge  - Connaissances* Lovemaking  - Ébats amoureux/sexuelsMath (American English)  - MathsMedicine  - Mà ©dicamentsOffal - AbatsPasta  - Pà ¢tesPeriod (to have ones period)  - Rà ¨gles (avoir ses rà ¨gles)Progress  - Progrà ¨s*Quicksand  -   Sables mouvantsRubble  - Dà ©combresScience  - Sciences*Sheep  - Mouton(s)***Shrimp - CrevettesSoftware  - Logiciel(s)****Spaghetti  - SpaghettisSpinach  -   Ã‚  Ãƒâ€°pinardsStatic  - ParasitesTheres a good chance that†¦Ã‚  -   Il y a de fortes chances que...Transportation  - TransportsVacation  - VacancesVicinity  - EnvironsVolcanic smoke and gas  - Fumerolles*Wedding  - Noces*The dead  - Les mortsThe living  - Les vivantsThe poor - Les pauvresThe rich  - Les richesThe sick -   Les maladesThe young  - Les jeunes Some Nouns Are Singular in French and Plural in English Nouns are not always singular in both French and English. Here is a list of words that are singular, uncountable, or invariable in French but are plural or countable in English. * These are usually but not always singular in French** Many French  compound nouns  are invariable, though their English equivalents are variable. News - Lactualità ©Oats - Avoine  (fem)Scales - Une  balanceDrums - La batterieBoxer shorts - Un boxer-shortSwimming trunks - Un caleà §on de bainTights - Collant(s)*Contents - Le  contenu, la  contenanceOveralls, dungarees - Une  cotteDentures - Un  dentierEpsom salts - Epsomite (fem)Stairs - Un  escalierFireworks - Un feu  dartificeFruit - Un fruit (piece of)Skyscraper - Un  gratte-ciel**Gums - La  genciveJeans - Un jeanSweat pants - Un joggingTo do the dishes - Laver la  vaisselle(Piece of) news - Une  nouvelle(Loaf of) bread - Un painPants, trousers - Un  pantalonPliers - Pince(s)*Wire cutters - Une  pince  coupanteWire strippers - Une  pince   dà ©nuderTweezers - Une  pince   à ©pilerIce tongs - Une  pince   glace  Nail clippers - Une  pince  Ã‚  onglesCoin purse, wallet - Un porte-monnaie**Pyjamas - Un  pyjamaShorts - un  shortUnderpants - Un slipSwimming trunks - Un slip de bainBellows - Un  souffletDishes, crockery (to do the dishes) - La  vaisselle  (faire  la  vaisselle) Some French Nouns Can Only Be Singular In both French and English, many nouns can be singular or plural:  un  homme  (one man),  deux  hommes  (two men),  la chaise  (the chair),  les  chaises  (the chairs). But there are quite a few French nouns that can only be singular, sometimes because the noun has a  different meaning in the plural. Here are some French nouns that can only be singular: Abstract Nouns Le bonheur - HappinessLa  chaleur - Heat, warmthLa charità © - Charity, kindnessLe  chaud - HeatLe courage - CourageLa  faim - HungerLe  froid - ColdLa  haine - HatredLa  malchance - Bad luck, misfortuneLa mà ©lancolie - Melancholy, gloomLa  peur - FearLa  soif  - ThirstLa tristesse - SadnessLa  vaillance - Courage, valor Arts and Crafts Le cinà ©ma - Cinema,  movie  industryLa couture - SewingLa  danse - DancingLe dessin - DrawingLa  peinture - PaintingLa sculpture - SculptingLe thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre - TheaterLe  tissage - WeavingLe tricot - Knitting Directions La  droite - RightLest  (m) - EastLa gauche - LeftLe  nord - NorthLouest  (m) - WestLe sud - South Materials and Matter Acier  (m) - SteelArgent  (m) - SilverLe bois - WoodLe coton - CottonLe cuir - LeatherLe cuivre - CopperLe fer - IronOr  (m) - GoldLe papier - PaperLe plastique - PlasticLe plà ¢tre - PlasterLa soie - SilkLe verre - Glass Sciences La biologie - BiologyLa botanique - BotanyLa chimie - ChemistryLa gà ©ologie - GeologyLa linguistique - LinguisticsLa philosophie - PhilosophyLa physique - PhysicsLa psychologie - PsychologyLa sociologie - Sociology Some French Nouns Can Only Be Plural In both French and English, many nouns can be singular or plural:  un homme  (one man),  deux hommes  (two men),  la chaise  (the chair),  les chaises  (the chairs). But there are quite a few French nouns that can only be plural, sometimes because the noun has a  different meaning in the singular. Here are some French nouns that can only be plural: Les abats  (m) - Offal, gibletsLes acariens  (m) - Dust mitesLes affres  (f) - Agony, throesLes agissements  (m) - Schemes, intriguesLes agrà ¨s  (m) - (Sports) apparatusLes alentours  (m) - Neighborhood, surroundingsLes annales  (f) - AnnalsLes appointements  (m) - SalaryLes archives  (f) - ArchivesLes armoiries  (f) - Coat of armsLes arrà ©rages  (m) - ArrearsLes arrhes  (f) - DepositLes auspices  (m) - Auspices, patronageLes beaux-arts  (m) - Fine artsLes beaux-enfants  (m) - Childrens spouses, in-laws / spouses children, stepchildrenLes beaux-parents  (m) - Spouses parents, in-laws / parents spouses, stepparentsLes bestiaux  (m) - Livestock, cattleLes bonnes grà ¢ces  (f) - Someones favor, good gracesLes brisants  (m) - (Ocean) breakersLes brisà ©es  (f) - Someones territory, footstepsLes catacombes  (f) - CatacombsLes cà ©rà ©ales  (f) - CerealLes cheveux  (m) - HairLes comestibles  (m) - Fine foodsLes communaux  (m) - Common landLes condolà ©ances  (f) - CondolencesLes confins  (m) - Borders, fringesLes coordonnà ©es  (f) - Coordinates Les dà ©boires  (m) - Disappointments, setbacks, trialsLes dà ©combres  (m) - Rubble, debrisLes dà ©pens  (m) - Costs, expenseLes dolà ©ances  (f) - Complaints, grievancesLes à ©bats  (m) - FrolickingLes entrailles  (f) - Entrails, gutsLes environs  (m) - Outskirts, surroundingsLes à ©pousailles  (f) - NuptialsLes à ©trennes  (f) - Fift (for  Christmas  or  New Years)Les faà §ons  (f) - Manners, behaviorLes floralies  (f) - Flower showLes fonts baptismaux  (f) - Baptismal fontLes fianà §ailles  (f) - EngagementLes frais  (m) - Expenses, chargesLes frusques (f informal) - Clothes, togs, ragsLes funerailles  (f) - FuneralLes gens  (m) - PeopleLes grands-parents  (m) - GrandparentsLes honoraires  (m) - FeesLes intempà ©ries  (f) - Bad weatherLes latrines  (f) - LatrineLes limbes  (m) - LimboLes lombes  (m) - LoinsLes mathà ©matiques  (f) - Math(s)Les mà ©moires  (m) - MemoirsLes menottes  (f) - HandcuffsLes mÅ“urs  (f) - Morals, customsLes munitions  (f) - AmmunitionLes obsà ¨ques  (f) - FuneralLes ordures  (f) - Trash, rubbishLes ouà ¯es  (f) - Gills Les pà ¢tes  (f) - Pasta, noodlesLes pierreries  (f) - Gems, precious stonesLes pourparlers  (m) - Negotiations, talksLes prà ©paratifs  (m) - PreparationsLes proches  (m) - Close relations, next of kinLes ravages  (m) - Havoc, ravagesLes reprà ©sailles  (f) - Retaliation, reprisalsLes royalties  (f) - RoyaltiesLes scellà ©s  (m) - Seals (e.g., on a door)Les semailles  (f) - Sowing, seedsLes sà ©vices  (m) - Physical cruelty, abuseLes tà ©nà ¨bres  (f) - Darkness, gloomLes thermes  (m) - Thermal bathsLes toilettes  (f) - Lavatory, restroomLes vacances  (f) - Vacation, (UK) holidayLes và ªpres  (f) - VespersLes victuailles  (f) - Food, victualsLes vivres  (m) - Food, supplies, provisions French Nouns With Different Meanings Depending on Number Some French nouns can only be singular, some can only be plural, and some have different meanings depending on whether they are singular or plural. Abattis  (m) - BrushwoodLes abattis  (m)  - Giblets, (informal) arms and legs, limbsAssise  (f)  - Wall support, foundationAssises  (f)  - Assembly, conferenceAutorità ©Ã‚  (f)  - AuthorityLes autorità ©s  (f)  - The authoritiesLe barbe  - BarbLa barbe  - BeardLes barbes  (f)  - Ragged edgeLe bois  - Wood (in general), woodwind instrumentLes bois  (m)  - Woodwind sectionLe ciseau  - ChiselLes ciseaux  (m)  - ScissorsLe comble  - Height, peak; last straw (figurative)Les combles  (m)  - AtticLe cuivre  - CopperLes cuivres  (m)  - Copper instruments, toolsLa douceur  - Softness, gentlenessLes douceurs  (f)  - Sweets, desserts; sweet talkEau  (f)  - Water (in general)Les eaux  (f)  - River/lake/sea water, wakeÉconomie  (f)  - EconomicsLes à ©conomies  (f)  - SavingsÉcriture  (f)  - Writing, (finance) entryLes à ©critures  (f)  - Accounts, booksLa faà §on  - Way, mann er, meansLes faà §ons  (f) - Manners, behaviorLe fer  - IronLes fers  (m)  - Chains, fettersLe guide  - Guide (book, tour)La guide  - Girl scout/guideLes guides  (f)  - ReinsHumanità ©Ã‚  (f)  - Humanity, mankind Les humanità ©s  (f)  - Humanities, classicsLe lendemain  - The next day, the period right afterLes lendemains  (m)  - Future, prospects, consequencesLa lunette  - TelescopeLes lunettes  (f)  - Glasses, spectaclesLa mà ©moire  - MemoryLe mà ©moire  - Memorandum, reportLes mà ©moires  (m)  - MemoirsLa menotte  - (babytalk) HandLes menottes  (f)  - HandcuffsOuà ¯e  (f)  - (sense of) HearingLes ouà ¯es  (f)  - GillsLe papier  - PaperLes papiers  (m)  - DocumentationLa pà ¢te  - Pastry, doughLes pà ¢tes  (f)  - Pasta, noodlesLe ravage  - (Literary)  pillagingLes ravages  (m)  - Havoc, ravagesLe status  - StatusLes status  (m)  - StatutesLa toilette  - Toilette, hygiene, act of getting readyLes toilettes  (f)  - Lavatory, restroomLa vacance  - VacancyLes vacances  (f)  - Vacation, holiday When talking about arts and crafts, a singular noun indicates the activity itself, while both the singular and plural refer to the product. Le cinà ©ma  - Cinema, movie industryLe(s) cinà ©ma(s)  - Cinema(s), movie theater(s)La couture  - SewingLa (les) couture(s)  - Seam(s)La danse  - DancingLa (les) danse(s)  - Dance(s)Le dessin  - The act of drawingLe(s) dessin(s)  - Drawing(s)La peinture  - The act of paintingLa (les) peinture(s)  - Painting(s)La sculpture  - The act of sculptingLa (les) sculpture(s)  - Sculpture(s)Le thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre  - Theater artsLe(s) thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre(s)  - Theaters(s)Le tricot  - The act of knittingLe(s) tricot(s)  - Sweater(s), jumper(s) Languages  are always singular (and always,  au fait, masculine). When the name of a language is capitalized, both the singular and plural indicate people of that nationality. Anglais  (m) - English languageUn Anglais, des Anglais  - An Englishman, English peopleArabe  (m)  - Arabic languageUn Arabe, des Arabes  - An Arab, ArabsLe franà §ais  - French languageUn Franà §ais, des Franà §ais  - A Frenchman, French people

WAWAP18 International Human Resource Management Essay

WAWAP18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example In the context of this research, national culture shall be considered to be the collective set of customs, beliefs, behaviours and norms that distinguish the populations of different sovereign nations. On the other hand, HRM will be considered to be the organisational function that is designed to maximise the performance of human resources (employees) in accordance with the organisational strategic objectives. Culture generally has a significant and considerable impact on the approaches organisations use to manage their employee. For example, British management theories will generally mirror the British background in which they were designed. Ideally, this means that it may not be possible to separate British management from British culture. However, HRM, among all other management practices, appears to be the most influenced and affected by cultural differences (Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, 2004). Essentially, cultural differences will have significant implications on the design of HRM strategies and how appropriate they will be. The typical work environment is characterised by business (organisational) goals. However, in international HRM, cultural differences give rise to divergent preferences and perceptions that consequently shape general organisational behaviour such as management style and decision making, work motivation, performance appraisal, rewarding, communications, work ori entation and definition of objectives (Milikic, 2009). Further, apart from organisational culture, national culture will impact on HRM practices such as staffing, career development, management and compensation. Nations may differ in many significant aspects such as the educational characteristics of the labour force and regulatory and institutional environments, but cultural differences and especially cultural values shape HRM

Business Strategy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Strategy - Article Example This is so because success is based on an organisation's ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). Within the context of today's global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). These researchers went further to argue that, this strategy has become quite common in many businesses including the retail clothing chain stores. The conventional vertical integrated company based business model is gradually being replaced by collaborative relationship between many fragmented, but complementary and specialized value stars and constellation (Wu & Chien: 1). This paper focuses on Subway Franchise Company. The paper examines the strength weaknesses opportunities and threats of this chain of restaurants. There after the paper examines its competitors at various level of the chain, the third section of the paper uses Porter's five forces framework to identify the sources of competition in the industry while the last section provides the conclusion and recommendation. According to the Compa... 1.1 Overview of Subway Sandwich Franchise According to the Company's (2008) report, Subway Sandwich Franchise is owned and operated by Doctor's Associates, Inc. (DAI). This chain of restaurant has been rated as one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with approximately 30,881 restaurants in 89 countries. The restaurant is the second largest restaurants after the Yum restaurant brands having 35000 locations. Many analysts have attributed the restaurant's fast growth to the growing concern by restaurant customers and the community. This has been capitalised on by the company's marketing department. Subway today is noted as a health concious restaurant chain. The restaurants are managed by Doctor's associates founded in 1965. The restaurant do not follow just the traditional restaurants, Subway operates in many non-traditional locations. For instance, the Company's (2008) reports states that, there are over 900 Subway locations inside of Wal-Mart stores and 200 on military bases, including several in Iraq, in addition to three located inside the Pentagon, some universities and other shops (Company Report 2008). 1.2 SWOT Analysis of Subway Franchise Strengths Better Value, in the form of lower prices. Fresher merchandise and wider assortments of sandwiches. Superior Locations Better physical appearance of the restaurants themselves. Good will, exclusive rights with some of their suppliers. Maximisation of the four Ps of Marketing at all front. High capital and a pool of reserves, and cheap credit facility offered in some locations. The Employees, 30,881 restaurants around the world. cheaper, better

Encounters with crocodiles Essay Example for Free

Encounters with crocodiles Essay I found the crocodiles so intresting that i soon got over my loathing for them and yet with possible exception of as they run the hyenas they must be the meanest creatures in the AFRICAN scene.They will never openly attack,and they will not defend their own eggs ; directly you attempt to land ,into the water they go.It was unwise however to stand to close to the river bank especially at dusk the crocodile lunge out at you with his paws ;instead,having observed you carefully from midstream ,hen swim submeged into the shallows ,and with a sudden like moment of his tail he sweeps you into the water. One of the African boys in the park had been taken like this a few days before we arrived ,and it was no rare thing ,we were told ,for baby elephants to meet their end in just this way when they came down to the river to drink. then the mother elephants goes ranging along the bank quite powerless to retaliate.The crocodiles itself shas mortal enemies ,and not many of the sixty or seventy eggs which female lays,like turtle ,in a hole in a sand bank are destined to survive .Having laid her eggs (they are rather like large white goose -eggs),the mother covers up the hole and then sometimes departs. This is the moment for the moniter lizard to creep out of the undergrowth to scrape the sand away and then to gorge himself .Even if the nest remains undiscovered the young crcodiles need a gold deal of luck to survive. They come struggling to the surface of the sand little ten_inch_long rubbery thing ,and make directly for the water , hissing and snapping as they run .On the bank the marabaou stork with the speed of sword_play flicks them into his long bill ; and if you care to watch you can see the wriggling passage of the young crocodile down the bird scraggy throat.Sometimes the mother crocodile will try to defend her young at this perilous moment ,and this is a facinating thing to see.The marabou, with elaborate unconcern stand in about six inches of water waiting for the next tit bit to come swimming by,and from about twenty yards away the mother crocodile watches :just two murderous eyes above the surface of the stream .Then silently she submerges and come up again about ten y ards from marabou .The bird takes no notice .And now ,having again goes down .This time she is coming in for the kill .it is a matter of about two seconds the marabou abstractely and casually takes a backward step . At the same instant the tremendous jaws of the crocodiles come rearing out of the river and snap together in the empty air at the prcise spot where he was standing .green water streaming off her back ,the crocodiles subsides into river again;and the bird steps back to res ume its meal QUESTIONS/ANSWERS: Q1:what enabled the writer to get over his loathing for the crcodiles? Q2:what do crcodiles do when a person attempts to land on the river bank ? Q3:what method does the crocodiles use to capture ots prey?

Sonnys Blues Essay -- James Baldwin

Discuss place and how James Baldwin uses elements of setting to convey Sonny’s Blues’ larger message or theme. Establishing and maintaining a certain identity mostly depends on the setting. The setting allows us to analyze someone at a deeper level. Considering the time, place and the circumstances around under which they respond allows us to explore them and determine their identity. In the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, James Baldwin conveys the message of how one goes about establishing and maintaining their identity on different levels by using elements of setting. The author uses elements of setting several times to convey the message but some of the prominent uses are the military service, life in Harlem and especially the use of darkness. The military service plays an important role in the evolving of the narrator’s identity as it helps him gain respect and be recognized by the neighborhood, something that Sonny yearns for. Growing up in Harlem is the most important setting because the brothers endured several hardships in Harlem, which allowed them to establish and maintain a certain identity. The use of darkness is important because darkness signifies drugs and violence therefore if someone were seen in the dark, would be given an apathetic identity. The time spend in the military service helps the narrator establish personal characteristics which enable him to understand the world around him and be more successful in life. Being in the military has given him th...

The Steps to Be Taken Towards a Green Future

My Grandfather says, â€Å"Looking out the window is not what it used to be†. I was not a 100% sure what he meant, so I asked him. He was talking about the whole concept of â€Å"Going Green†, the fact that there is a limited amount of the earths’ oil left and that landfills are emitting tons of greenhouse gasses into our atmosphere. No one knew about clean alternatives to petroleum such as palm oil and Biodiesel, which is produced from waste cooking oils instead of using gas or diesel or that just having a compost garden in your backyard could reduce the world’s garbage even just a fraction which is helping. This paper will go over ways to lower the consumption and usage of fossil fuels. Also, discuss ways of; lowering pollution rates, eliminating nuclear power and introducing clean energy alternatives to gas and electricity. Solar Energy and Windmills are a big part in the clean energy movement that people are starting to fight for and my Grandfather’s generation has no knowledge about. In the words of Xavier Rudd â€Å"Thank you for your message but I don’t understand, no I won’t understand. † People like my Grandfather never knew about what pollution could actually do to the environment. Wind energy is a step that is being taken throughout Europe (Krueger pg1). Many countries have started to switch their electrical consumption to clean energy and not the modern way of producing electricity, with magnets or nuclear, which use gasoline to power the engines. All the world needs is the wind and sun to provide enough electricity to power the people who inhabit it. Today’s power plants run on fossil fuels and that pollutes the environment, which waste valuable resources. Either in a steam or gas turbine power plant they all rely on coal, petroleum or biomass to power at least one thing in the plant. But, in a wind, geothermal, or hydroelectric powered power plant the turbine is turned by the wind, water or steam produced from the earth to produce the electricity. Even though nuclear power plants don’t burn fossil fuels to create the electricity they are still polluting the earth and are a danger to mankind. Just recently, Japan was hit by a tsunami and a nuclear powered plant was hit. Nuclear reactor after nuclear reactor broke and started to become a problem for the environment and threaten the lives of not only the Japanese citizens, but of the world. With clean energy the electricity can be created by home owners, farmers and the government. Everyone can get into the electrical game and even get paid for the electricity that they do not use and it can go to power someone else’s home (Krueger 2). Pollution has gone on for a long time and started basically at the beginning of the industrial revolution and it’s time for it to be put to rest. With the industrial revolution came automobiles, which are the biggest part of the pollution problem. Another part of the problem is the amount of paper that is used. The paper industry is why marijuana is illegal, it is because the hemp from marijuana could be used for paper, rope, clothing, ect†¦ that they made the government make it illegal. People don’t realize how much paper is wasted in toilet paper, paper towels, tissue paper, books, magazines, newspapers, and office paper. All of those things are made from trees and no one even thinks about the trees. They have been here on this earth longer than use and we are cutting them down, just to make paper it seems. If the amount of paper used stays at this rate then we are going to be all out of trees and plants to but down to make paper without effecting our oxygen levels. The companies weren’t even planting the trees back until recently when some started to plant new trees to start to try to create a sustainable paper supply for the future. Garbage is another main pollutant that is ruining our earth. In the garbage there is too much recyclable and compost able goods that should be in recycling factories or compost piles. Also, there is plastic, which was another invention from the industrial revolution (Calandri 235). Plastic is a non-biodegradable compound which means that it cannot decompose with natural processes. Plastic is overflowing the landfills of the world and something has to be done. People have to start recycling their plastic in-order to protect the planet. We also must lower the amount of waste that we put into our landfills, both homes and restaurants must do this (McCaffree 205). People have to start conmposting and conserving water to save the world. Another way that companies are going green is that they are using algae to filter the on the CO2 from the power plants’ exhaust gases to make the power plants’ coal burning less polluted for the environment (Going Green Literally pg17). The power plants are a big part of the pollution problem with them burning coal, and also fossil fuels to run their generators and machines. If power plants start to use the algae to cycle their exhaust the CO2 emissions can be lowered by 20% per power plant, which is a whole lot less greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere. Clean energy alternatives to petroleum products are a way to stop drilling for oil to make into gasoline, diesel, fertilizers, aspirin, plastics and even artificial hearts and pacemakers. Thousands of household and everyday items are made with oil that you wouldn’t even think were. Family Recreational activities such as skiing and snowboarding use oil in the manufacturing of the boards or skis, even contact lenses that have oil in them and without oil how would they work. I’m sure there would be something else that manufacturers could use when making the lenses. Oil is a big industry that has its hold on most of American products and even the world. Biogas is another form of clean energy. It is also a sustainable resource that is made from grass and tree clippings, and restaurant food waste (Corum 36). Today power plants are all over the world and if they get converted to run of this sustainable resource than oil can be eliminated from the power plants. With the power plants not using oil and petroleum products that amount of oil that is needed to live can be cut down. FCC Expander Technology is the best way for the petroleum companies to go green. The FCC process is very complicated and uses all the waste products over again by recycling them into re-useable energy (Carbonetto 79). The recycled energy from the flue gas has a couple of things that it can be used for and I think that is a very good uses of the un-useable gas. The Electric power generation train in the petroleum plant has a lot of key benefits and engineers have been designing the most energy efficient ways to do the process of making fossil fuels (Carbonetto 83). The petroleum refining industry is starting to come up with ways to save energy, reduce costs and save the environments. Palm oil and Biodiesel are by-products of seeds. Biodiesel is made from oil that has been used at restaurants or other places and is a clean burning fuel deprived from biological sources (Biodiesel pg2). Biodiesel produces much less CO2 than regular diesel, biodegradable and is also non-toxic. Palm oil on the other hand, is made from palm tree seeds (Yusoff 3). The palm trees grow in warm tropical climates and two different types of palm fruit oil come from it. The first is crude palm oil from the seed and the second is crude palm kernel oil made from the kernel. What is good about palm oil is that palm trees are perennial crops and they are a sustainable resource. In conclusion, what has to happen is that governments around the world have to enforce new laws to protect the environment. The laws have to force the use of clean energy alternatives to petroleum products. The alternatives are Biodiesel and Palm Oil to fuel our cars, trucks, planes, trains and boats. The pollution has to be addressed next to save the planet. There are many form of pollution and law enforcement has to implement more strict laws and higher fines to stop people from littering. Last thing that has to be done is to push towards a future where electricity is made from wind or water. Windmills and watermills are the future of electricity and do not need to use any fossil fuels to power the generators. In order to go green people and business must start moving towards a greener living and the consumption of goods needs to be lowered by everyone.