Financial Analysis of banking sector of India - Free Essay Example

Financial Analysis of banking sector of India: Special Reference to Private Sector Banks Financial statements are those statements which provide information about profitability and financial position of a business. It includes two statements, i.e., profit loss a/c or income statement and balance sheet or position statement. The income statement presents the summary of the income earned and the expenses incurred during a financial year. Position statement presents the financial position of the business at the end of the year. This paper is try to present all the components of balance sheet and profit and loss account in common size and analyze the individual item in Balance Sheet Profit Loss A/c as compare to total liabilities/Assets/Income/Expenditure. Objectives To compare the financial position with the help of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account To compare the financial performance through a common-size financial statement. Introduction After preparation of the financial statements, one may be interested in knowing the position of an enterprise from different points of view. This can be done by analyzing the financial statement with the help of different tools of analysis such as Common size statement analysis, funds flow analysis, cash flow analysis, Common size/ comparative statement analysis, etc. Here I have done financial analysis by Common size financial statement analysis. Common size financial statement analysis, also called vertical analysis, is just one technique that financial managers use to analyze their financial statements. It is not another type of income statement. It is just a tool that is used to analyze the income statement and position statement. With the use of this method of common-size financial statements, the comparisons between the financial statements of different companies become easy. In this method, each of figures in the financial statements are reported in the form of percentage. Thi s percentage is the figure of one frequent base figure. This base figure determines the percentile of all the figures in the common-size financial statements. By using this method, it is easy to compare the financial statements of the same company from different periods or comparing the companies of different size. Due to this method, the bias between the company sizes is removed, and investor can effectively compare the financial statements. The selection of base figure depends on the financial statements head. In income statements, the revenue can be selected as the base figure and all the incomes and expenses can be measured against it. Moreover, in the balance sheet of the company, all the related items are divided by the total of their items. For example, if the investor wants to find out the percentage of the inventory in balance sheet, he or she will have to divide the figure of inventory with the total assets. Methodology For the purpose of this study individual item of balance sheet converted into common size i.e.in 100 for this purpose an individual item in balance sheet divided by total assets/total liabilities and converted into 100.This is also to profit and loss account i.e. individual item in profit and loss account divided by total income/total expenditure and converted into100.For this analysis three years Balance Sheet and Profit and loss account of top three private banks viz.ICICI bank,HDFC bank and Axis bank was analyzed. Balance Sheets as on 31st March 2011 Capital and Liabilities Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Capital 4,105,458 0.169 4,652,257 0.167 11521129 0.283 Reserves and Surplus 185,882,797 7.658 249140426 8.982 539,388,244 13.277 Deposits 1,892,378,010 77.967 2,085,864,054 75.206 2,256,021,077 55.535 Borrowings 262,678,824 10.822 143,940,610 5.189 1,095,542,771 26.968 Other Liabilities and Provisions 82,088,627 3.382 289,928,565 10.453 159,863,467 3.935 Total 2,427,133,716 100 2,773,525,912 100 4,062,336,688 100 Assets Cash and Balance with RBI 138,861,630 5.721 251,008,158 9.050 209,069,703 5.146 Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice 75,224,929 3.099 45,680,191 1.647 131,831,128 3.245 Investments 719,916,208 29.661 709,293,656 25.573 1,346,859,630 33.154 Advances 1,424,078,286 58.673 1,599,826,654 57.682 2,163,659,014 53.26 Fixed Assets 22,731,456 0.936 21,706,480 0.782 47,442,551 1.167 Other Assets 46,321,207 1.908 146,010,773 5.264 163,474,662 4.024 Total 2,427,133,716 100 2,773,525,912 100 4,062,336,688 100 Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Income Interest Earned 151,548,058 76.589 199,282,122 82.13 259,740,528 79.62 Other Income 46,321,338 23.410 43,351,527 17.87 66,478,925 20.38 Total 197,869,396 100 242,633,649 100 326,219,453 100 Expenditure Interest Expended 85,918,230 52.394 93,850,839 46.15 169,571,515 61.728 Operating Expenses 47,794,281 29.145 71,529,141 35.171 66,172,492 24.088 Provision and Contingencies 30,271,979 18.460 37,989,660 18.680 38,961,684 14.183 Total 163,984,490 100 203,369,640 100 274,705,691 100 Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2011 Balance Sheets as on 31st March 2012 Capital and Liabilities Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Capital 4,132,039 0.144 4,693,377 0.138 11551537 0.243 Reserves and Surplus 223,953,384 7.840 294,553378 8.716 592,500,885 12.509 Deposits 2,201,043,033 77.059 2,467,064,459 73.00 2,554,999,561 53.94 Borrowings 340,716,721 11.928 238,465,086 7.057 1,401,649,073 29.592 Other Liabilities and Provisions 86,432,757 3.026 374,318,690 11.077 175,769,846 3.710 Total 2,856,277,934 100 3,379,094,990 100 4,736,470,902 100 Assets Cash and Balance with RBI 107,029,214 3.747 149,910,945 4.436 204,612,935 4.319 Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice 32,309,943 1.131 59,466,318 1.759 157,680,199 3.329 Investments 931,920,859 32.627 974,829,094 28.848 1,595,600,430 33.687 Advances 1,697,595,386 59.433 1,954,200,292 57.83 2,537,276,579 53.568 Fixed Assets 22,593,250 0.791 23,471,940 0.694 46,146,870 0.974 Other Assets 64,829,282 2.269 217,216,401 6.428 195,153,889 4.120 Total 2,856,277,934 100 3,379,094,990 100 4,736,470,902 100 Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2012 Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Income Interest Earned 219,946,474 80.228 272,863,517 83.880 335,426,522 81.720 Other Income 54,202,163 19.771 52,436,949 16.12 75,027,598 18.279 Total 274,148,637 100 325,300,466 100 410,454,120 100 Expenditure Interest Expended 139,769,024 60.316 149,895,780 54.78 228,084,964 65.958 Operating Expenses 60,070,995 25.923 85,900,571 31.393 78,504,433 22.702 Provision and Contingencies 31,886,564 13.760 37,833,208 13.826 39,212,151 11.339 Total 231,726,583 100 273,629,559 100 345,801,548 100 Balance Sheets as on 31st March 2013 Capital and Liabilities Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Capital 4,679,545 0.137 4,758,838 0.117 11581197 0.216 Reserves and Surplus 326,399,054 9.584 363881809 8.925 655,478,392 12.211 Deposits 2,526,135,881 74.176 2,960,917,699 72.621 2,926,136,257 54.511 Borrowings 439,510,984 12.906 394,966,127 9.687 1,453,414,944 27.076 Other Liabilities and Provisions 108,881,120 3.197 352,705,377 8.651 321,336,021 5.986 Total 3,405,606,584 100 4,077,229,850 100 5,367,946,811 100 Assets Cash and Balance with RBI 147,920,883 4.343 146,308,790 3.588 190,527,309 3.549 Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice 56,428,716 1.656 129,002,845 3.164 223,647,879 4.166 Investments 1,137,375,370 33.397 1,109,604,124 27.214 1,713,935,993 31.929 Advances 1,969,659,574 57.835 2,472,451,151 60.640 2,902,494,351 54.07 Fixed Assets 23,556,420 0.691 27,733,162 0.680 46,470,587 0.865 Other Assets 70,665,621 2.074 192,129,778 4.712 290,870,692 5.418 Total 3,405,606,584 100 4,077,229,850 100 5,367,946,811 100 Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2013 Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Income Interest Earned 271,825,744 80.579 358,610,213 83.409 400,755,969 82.764 Other Income 65,511,063 19.420 71,329,645 16.590 83,457,012 17.235 Total 337,336,807 100 429,939,858 100 484,212,981 100 Expenditure Interest Expended 175,163,111 61.343 196,954,474 54.567 262,091,848 65.366 Operating Expenses 69,142,375 24.214 115,518,963 32.005 90,128,837 22.478 Provision and Contingencies 41,236,992 14.441 48,463,621 13.427 48,737,569 12.155 Total 285,542,478 100 360,937,058 100 400,958,254 100 Capital to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 0.16 0.16 0.28 2011-12 0.14 0.13 0.24 2012-13 0.13 0.11 0.21 Interpretation Capital Common size statement of ICICI Bank was more than Axis Bank HDFC Bank in these three years. It is also seen that in all these three years Capital Common size statement of these banks were decreased consistently. Reserve and surplus to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 7.68 8.98 13.27 2011-12 7.84 8.71 12.50 2012-13 9.58 8.92 12.21 Interpretation Common size statement of Accumulated Reserve and Surplus of ICICI Bank was more than Axis Bank HDFC Bank, but this Common size statement consistently decreases. This Common size statement of Axis bank consistently increases. Deposits to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 77.96 75.20 55.53 2011-12 77.05 73.00 53.94 2012-13 74.17 72.62 54.51 Interpretation Deposit Common size statement Axis bank was more than HDFC ICICI bank; however this Common size statement of Axis bank and HDFC bank consistently decreases. Borrowings to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 10.82 5.18 26.96 2011-12 11.92 7.05 29.59 2012-13 12.90 9.68 27.07 Interpretation As regards to borrowings, ICICI bank has more borrowings than Axis bank and HDFC bank, it is also depicts that borrowings of Axis bank and HDFC bank consistently increases. Other liabilities Provisions to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 3.38 10.45 3.93 2011-12 3.02 11.07 3.71 2012-13 3.19 8.65 5.98 Interpretation Other liabilities and provisions of HDFC bank was more than Axis bank and ICICI bank and it is upto10% on an average, however the axis bank ICICI bank maintains this Common size statement upto 3% on an average. Cash Balances with RBI to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 5.72 9.05 5.14 2011-12 3.74 4.43 4.31 2012-13 4.34 3.58 3.54 Interpretation Cash balance of HDFC bank in year 2010-11 was in highest Common size statement. Cash balance of HDFC bank and ICICI bank continuously decreases. Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 3.09 1.64 3.24 2011-12 1.13 1.79 3.32 2012-13 1.65 3.16 4.16 Interpretation Bank balance and money at call and short notice of ICICI bank in highest proportion.The proportion of HDFDC bank shows increased trend. Investment to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 29.66 25.57 33.15 2011-12 32.62 28.84 33.68 2012-13 33.39 27.21 31.92 Interpretation Investment of HDFC bank in these three years was less than Axis bank and ICICI bank. It is also seen that Investment of Axis bank consistently increases but this is not so to HDFC bank and ICICI bank. Advances to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 58.67 57.68 53.26 2011-12 59.43 57.83 53.56 2012-13 57.83 60.64 54.07 Interpretation Advances given by the ICICI bank was less than Axis bank and HDFC bank. Advances given by HDFC bank and ICICI bank clearly shows increased trend but this is not so as to Axis bank. Fixed Assets to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 0.99 0.78 1.167 2011-12 0.79 0.69 0.97 2012-13 0.69 0.68 0.86 Interpretation Fixed Assets of ICICI bank was more than Axis bank and HDFC bank, however fixed assets of these banks decreased consistently. Other Assets to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 1.90 5.26 4.02 2011-12 2.26 6.42 4.12 2012-13 2.07 4.71 5.41 Interpretation Other Assets of HDFC bank in higher proportion in first two years but this is decreased in last year. Other Assets of ICICI bank continuously increases Interest Earned to Total Income Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 76.58 82.13 79.62 2011-12 80.22 83.88 81.72 2012-13 80.57 83.40 82.76 Interpretation Interest income of HDFC bank was more than Axis bank and ICICI bank, however Interest income of Axis bank and ICICI bank shows increased trend. Other Income to Total Income Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 23.41 17.87 20.38 2011-12 19.77 16.12 18.27 2012-13 19.42 16.59 17.23

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 876 Words

Summer vacations over, and your sisters back at school. Katie has a rehearsal for William Shakespeare s, Romeo and Juliet. You re sitting comfortably on the auditorium chair, admiring your sister s play. My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth of love it is to me, That I must love a loathed enemy. O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name, Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And I ll no longer be a Capulet. You re amazed, how shockingly beautiful your sister is in her brightly colored, classical ballet, red dress. Her long straight golden blonde hair was braided to perfection, with flowers and shiny glitter all over her†¦show more content†¦You open the door gently and went inside. Your sister could see you entering from her makeup mirror. Naughty husband, you re not supposed to be here. We can get in so much trouble, if someone finds out! Your give your sister a loving smile. You held her hips firmly, and softly kiss Katie. You look at her deeply again and gave her another soft kiss. You did this a few more minutes and then replied. I can t help it Katie, you re just drop dead gorgeous today! I mean look at you, your dress makes it seems so inviting. I thought mom look sexy in a dress, but you put her to shame. Katie playfully slap you gently. Don t compare me to mom, shame on you husband! You mentioned that again, and I ll give you another slap! You laugh widely by her threats. Okay, don t slap me please. I won t mention it again, beside...you always come first sis! She gave out of flattery smile. Giggle. You like my red dress, huh husband? I know I could be very tempting, I could give you a tour if you want! she winks at you. She put her left legs on the chair, your hands gliding through her milky soft leg. Now your hands reach her undergarment. You place your fingers through them and played with her rosebud. Moment later, you softly push your fingers inside her vagina. Katie gave out a soft moan, as your other hand was caressing her breasts, the fabric only made it more intriguing. Your sister was quite aroused by your forwardness, knowing you re doing

Total Quality Management in Events Sector †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Total Quality Management in Events Sector. Answer: Introduction In the 21st century`s competitive environment, operational excellence is not an option but a requirement. Without excellence, a company cannot succeed. Total quality management can be described as a collection of companywide effort to apply and maintain a climate in which the firm continuously improves and is able to deliver supreme quality products and services to the ultimate consumers (Dale 2015). TQM efforts draw heavily on the techniques and tools of quality control. The concept of TQM was widely famous in the late 1980s and early 1990s; however, it was overshadowed by techniques like ISO 9000, Six Sigma and Lean manufacturing. This report throws light on the concept and history of Total Quality Management. It discusses the concept of Total Product in depth and applies the concept to an events organization based in the United Kingdom. The limitations of the concept have also been stated. During the 1970s-80s eras, the developed economies of Western Europe and North America were being made to stuffer by the stiff competition it received from Japan. The nation`s ability to produce high end and quality goods that too at a competitive cost was a blow to these developed nations (Goatish and Davis 2014). United Kingdom had become a net importer f finished goods. Unites States started a research on the quality control to find the ways to produce goods similar to the quality of the ones produced by Japan. It was during this era that the TQM concept began to take place. When the scientific management swept through the Us Industry, the processes of planning and carrying out the plan was separated (Asq.org. 2017). The Hawthorne experiments in the late 1920s showed how worker`s productivity could be enhanced or brought down by participation. Edwards Deming taught methods for statistical analysis and quality control to the Japanese. This was the origin of TQM (Oakland 2014). Juran taught the concepts of controlling quality and managerial concepts. Crosby came up with the promotion of zero defects, which paved the way for quality improvement in various countries. Ishikawa`s synthesis of the philosophy made a contribution to Japans success as a quality leader. The Japanese named their approach total quality company wide. The term quality management system came about at this time. The systematic and broad approach to managing the firm`s quality including processes as well as products is known as TQM (Oakland 2014).. Various quality standards such as the ISO 900 series and many award programs like Deming Prize and M. Baldrige National Quality Awards state down principles and procedures that comprise the TQM. Total Product Concept The total product concept can be defined as the bundle of services, which are offered by a service or a product. Taking the example of a fitness product, total product concept can be explained by as all the advantages the consumer receives by making us of that particular product. This benefit can be from good health to the good mental feeling associated with using the fitness product. Also the time saved by purchasing that product online. This concept is used by consumers who evaluate the services and products between various brands and tend to differentiate the benefits received from the product. They then go for products that provide them with the best value for the amount that they have paid (Toivonen 2012). This is the reason that companies make use of this concept to help the consumers to differentiate the competitors products from theirs thus enabling a unique position for them in the market. These are the bundle of functional activities, which consist of all the advantages that a firm promises to deliver to the consumer. These are the core needs, which the customer expects from the firm. The customer wants the company to satisfy all these needs. Customer satisfaction depends strongly on these. The satisfaction from these core needs tends to be the primary need of the consumer and an organization should make sure that these are satisfied. If these needs are not satisfied then, the customer will not be engaging in the service or buying the product again (Bon and Mustafa 2013). This component uses the features that are received by the consumers without paying for it. These benefits are used by the firm to build competitive advantage by making their product different from that of the competitors. Customers tend to consider these features when purchasing the product. If these are not provided, the product or services are sold at low prices in the market. Augmented or value added dimension These are the value added or augmented dimensions of a product where all the features of the service or product which go beyond the basic dimensions of it are to be identified and accordingly positioned. The high price of such products are identified from these attributes These consist of various ideas related to the future of the product. This is what the product could be and consists of the ways they can be improved thereafter (Hollensen 2015). This can be done by analyzing customer needs and conducting market research. Once the benefit becomes the normal feature of the product, it is time to start looking for new ideas. The concept of Total Product concept is often related to the Kano Model, which described that customers have various levels of needs that need to be identified and achieved. These needs need to be understood by the marketers and achieved thereafter. According to the Kano Model, the customer has a basic need, which is fulfilled by the basic components of the products. Fulfilling these needs of the customer comes at the primary level. The second is the performance needs, which are the features of the product. Presence of these needs I a product tends to enhance its value however, the absence of these needs tend to dissatisfy these customers. The last kind of needs is the delighters. These are the needs that a consumer gets delighted by (Hall 2012). If these needs are not fulfilled this does not give any dissatisfaction to the consumer, however fulfillment of these needs provides extreme customer satisfaction, which then differentiates the product from its competitors. Based near Birmingham, The Events Company is a management and organization company, which provides multi services. They design create and deliver evens of all types throughout United Kingdom and even worldwide (Events Company 2017). The company has been operating since the past fifteen years and has a name for providing good quality services. Their dedicated team of experts who are skilled at bringing vision and ideas to reality. Their activity type ranges from occasions and events associated with large national or international companies. They are skilled at working under a restricted budget. The event process of the Events Company can be described and divided into four major steps. These steps are as follows: Listen Respond Deliver Delight The company prides itself on their capability to understand the needs of the clients. From the initial meeting to the concluding consultation. The company makes sure that it is listening and understanding all the needs of the client in order to provide proper delivery. An accountant manager works with the client during the initial days to understand the objectives, outcomes and budget requirements. In the next step of the process, the accounts manager of the firm works with the architect of the company in order to design the event in response to the brief provided by the client. They offer all solutions with respect to the event cycle (Armstrong et al. 2015). They set points hold the venue and create visuals in this step. The team starts working for the event in this step. Even if it takes a lot of time, the client is always informed about the proceedings and the work schedule is kept a track of. The company always works to improve their services. Even after the event is over, using data captures and other techniques and analysis is made regarding the event success. Event Management in UK Conferences Live Events Company Fun Days Corporate Entertainment Parties Themes Team Building Application of Total Product Concept in the Events Company. The core concept- The core concept of an events firm is the events that they have to offer. Events organization companies tend to adhere to client requirements by creating and organizing the events, which are wanted by them. Thus, the basic core values of the service are implementation of the basic idea and the happening of the event (Huang 2015). The centre theme of event management and organization centers on the happening of the event. The expected components are certain features of the event, which are expected by the clients, and these basic features should be delivered by the organization in order to help the client attain the proper level of satisfaction (Mair 2012). If these features are not provided then the client tends to remain dissatisfied. This component is something, which is offered by the organization to delight the consumers (Buswell ,Williams and Sutton 2017. These are not asked for by the consumer but delivery of this shall enhance the satisfaction of the consumer and help the firm in differentiating their services from that of its competitors. These are those components of a service, which could be improvised in the future by proper analysis. There is always scope for improvement, hence, it is required that the firm improvises its services regularly in order to provide client satisfaction. The events company has been asked to organize a birthday party for a client. The party is of a 25-year-old girl who is being surprised by her parents. The parents come up to the company and ask them to plan this party for them. The theme of the party is decided as Halloween. The following states how each product or service concept of the services offered by the event company can be used to enhance the quality of service for the client. Core- The core value is the basic requirement of an event. In this, the delivery of the event on the required date is itself the core product (Khanam, Siddiqui and Talib 2016). The core is not associated with any additional features. The mere delivery shall be the aspect. Expected- The expected component are the various features of the services offered. In the given example, as the party is a Halloween themed party. Hence, the events organization has to deliver the required party (Bienstock, Mentzer and Kahn 2015). All the specifications of the party as given by the client need to be followed and implemented. They need to make a checklist and ensure all the goods and decoration in the party is Halloween based. These services are what differentiate one firm from another. If the events organization is unable to deliver the required specifications then it shall lead to dissatisfaction Augmented- These are the add on specifications that the events organization might offer the client. If the client has asked for simple cutlery (Flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz. 2017). Then to delight the client, the organization might provide Halloween based cutlery for the same range. These value added features absence does not affect the client, however the presence of it enhances the clients satisfaction tenfold. Potential- As previously stated in the text above, the process of the Events Company involves a post event analysis (Calabrese and Corb 2015). This is similar to the Potential concept of the total product concept where the delivery of the particular event needs to be improvised in order to provide better services in the future. This can be done through up gradation of technology and faster implementation of ideas. The concept was essentially designed to suit the needs to a product and adhere to the needs of the consumer. However, application of this concept can also be done on a service, which is an event in this case. This has certain disadvantages. Many times the basic features, the expected features and the augmented features cannot be differentiated (Dhar 2015). The client irrespective of the fact that he has been provided extra, tends to behave under delivered. It can also happen that when the events organization in order to delight he consumer applies certain ideas but the client does not like the idea. This will lead to dissatisfaction. Conclusion Therefore, from the discussion it can be said that total quality management is a key concept whose application in the daily processes can enhance the quality of the product or the service. The concept was developed in the 1950s and has been replaced now by other new customized concepts. The total product concept enhances the quality of the service offered by providing the firm new ways in which they can meet as well as exceed the needs of the client. Thus, this concept should be applied in the daily operations to make the business a success. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Asq.org., 2017.History Evolution of Total Quality Management (TQM) | ASQ. [online] Available at: https://asq.org/learn-about-quality/total-quality-management/overview/tqm-history.html [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Bienstock, C.C., Mentzer, J.T. and Kahn, K.B., 2015. How are service firms measuring and managing service quality/customer satisfaction?. InProceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 161-161). Springer, Cham. Bon, A.T. and Mustafa, E.M., 2013. Impact of total quality management on innovation in service organizations: Literature review and new conceptual framework.Procedia Engineering,53, pp.516-529. Buswell, J., Williams, C. and Sutton, C., 2017. Principles of monitoring service quality.Service quality in leisure, events, tourism and sport, (Ed. 2), pp.227-249. Calabrese, A. and Corb, M., 2015. Design and blueprinting for total quality management implementation in service organisations.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(7-8), pp.719-732. Dale, B., 2015.Total quality management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Dhar, R.L., 2015. Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, pp.419-430. Flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz. 2017.Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/mktg201/14/tpc.pdf [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hall, C.M., 2012. Sustainable mega-events: Beyond the myth of balanced approaches to mega-event sustainability.Event Management,16(2), pp.119-131. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, S.J., 2015. The Relationships among Perceived Service Quality, Perceived Service Value, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention In the case of Local Authority Cultural Events. Khanam, S., Siddiqui, J. and Talib, F., 2016. Role of information technology in total quality management: a literature review. Mair, J., 2012. A review of business events literature.Event Management,16(2), pp.133-141. Oakland, J.S., 2014.Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge. The Events Company. (2017).Event Companies Birmingham | About Us | The Events Company. [online] Available at: https://www.theeventscompany.co.uk/about-us-event-companies-birmingham/#process [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Toivonen, R.M., 2012. Product quality and value from consumer perspectiveAn application to wooden products.Journal of forest economics,18(2), pp.157-173.

Second Language Acquisition an Example of the Topic Education and science by

Second Language Acquisition Introduction Need essay sample on "Second Language Acquisition" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Learning a second language in adolescence or adulthood often proves a serious challenge for people. To realize what difficulties are involved in the process, researchers need to examine first of all factors of language acquisition, including contextual, social, and psychological ones. Popular theories of effective domain, cognitive styles and multiple intelligences in second language acquisition can also shed light on the dynamics and causes of the process. Factors Of Language Acquisition Second language acquisition can be influenced by a variety of factors: Language Distance: learners will find it easier to master the language that is genealogically related to their own than one that has a different alphabet, grammar, vocabulary etc. Thus, it is easier for a German to pick up English than for a Chinese person. The Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, introduced a system in which languages are placed in four categories depending on their average learning difficulty from the perspective of a native English speaker (Walqui, 2000). Students Very Often Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to make my essay today? Writers recommend: Follow Essaylab Writing Service Cheap Essays Within Hours Professional Writing Services Pay For Essay Papers Write My Essay Online Reviews Native language proficiency: The better the student is acquainted with the academic learning of the mother tongue, its grammatical features, and various academic refinements, the easier it will be to master a forein language (Walqui, 2000). Language Attitudes: It is necessary to understand how a person perceives learning a new language. Thus, students need to understand that learning a second language does not mean giving up one's first language or dialect (Walqui, 2000). Motivation: Motivation, connected to language attitudes, means that students with more enthusiasm for learning will acquire language more quickly. Socio-Psychological Aspects In Second Language Acquisition. Apart from contextual and other factors, there are also factors directly related to social and psychological aspects of personal development. Each inpidual comes to language learning equipped with a certain set of psychological and social characteristics that directly affect this persons process of language acquisition. Among others, there are the following factors that have direct impact on language learning: Age: Although this is debatable, many linguists believe in Noam Chomskys Universal Grammar theory that posits the presence of a special language learning ability that allows a human to acquire a variety of languages as mother tongues (bilingualism) if this happens before a certain age. Similarly, many researchers of the second language acquisition process believe that there is a biological timetable for optimal language learning that stymies the efforts of adolescents and young adults to acquire language (Clyne, n.d., p. 1). An Affective Filter: Stephen Krashen has advanced a theory according to which second language acquisition is guided by an affective filter that includes the variables of motivation, anxiety and self-confidence (Clyne, n.d., p. 2). Language Shock: a concept advanced by John Shulmann meaning the fear of making a fool of oneself when attempting to communicate in a second language (Clyne, n.d., p. 3). This shock can seriously impact the ability of the person to learn a new language. Effective Domain, Cognitive Styles And Multiple Intelligences In Second Language Acquisition Researchers have proposed a number of theories that strive to explain the process of languge acquisition and to propose techniques that would enhance and facilitate language learning experience. Here belongs, for instance Gardners theory of multiple intelligences that proposes the existence of a variety of different forms of intelligence manifest in each human being to a different extent. Gardner suggested a few forms of intelligence (linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (e.g., insight, metacognition) and interpersonal (e.g., social skills)) (TIP, n.d.). Thus, according to Garnder, students, depending on the type of intelligence that is best developed can learn the language most effectively through, for instance, dancing, singing, or any other type of movement (Bell, Lorenzi, 2004). The theory of cognitive styles insists that language learning has to be aligned with inpidual cognitive peculiarities of a person. A persons cognitive style can be measured according to many dimensions, including "field independence vs. dependence", "analytic vs. global processing", "cooperation vs. competition", "tolerance for ambiguity" (Oxford, 2000). The measurement of the learning style according to the Myers-Briggs Type indicator also accounts for extraversion, intuition, emotion vs. thinking, and perception vs. judgment (Oxford, 2000). Finally, cognitive science has debated whether the language acquisition is centered around a specific domain or is spread around many cognitive domains. Many cognitive scientists posit that language learning is governed by a specific domain that includes special memory processes, schema, rules and meaning structures. Reliance on this domain is what can make language learning effective. Conclusion Language learning is a complex process that is governed by an interrelated set of factors that make it a complex subject for research. Scholars by identifying factors that affect second language acquisition are able to produce recommendations that greatly facilitate the work of EFL teachers. However, the emphasis on inpidualised approach, especially visible in cognitive styles and multiple intelligences theories reminds teachers that only practitioners are able to make links between theories and practical learning. Since inpidual learning patterns are vastly different, the teacher needs to be able to recognize and accommodate this difference between learners. References Bell, N.D., & Lorenzi, D. (2004). Facilitating Second Language Acquisition in Elementary and Secondary Physical Education Classes: The Increasingly perse Student Population Makes Every Teacher a Teacher of English. JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 75 (6), pp. 46+. Clyne, S. (n.d.). Psychological Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Why Your International Students are Sundado La Gota Gorda (Sweating Buckets). Retrieved February 20, 2006. Oxford, R. (1989). The Role of Styles and Strategies in Second Language Learning. ERIC Digest. ED317087, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics Washington DC. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.translationdirectory.com/article820.htm Walqui, Ada. Contextual Factors in Second Language Acquisition. CAL Digest, September 2000, EDO-FL-00-05. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/0005contextual.html

A List of English Singulars That Are French Plurals

A List of English Singulars That Are French Plurals Nouns are not always singular in both French and English. Here is a list of words that are singular or uncountable, or have unmarked plurals in English but are plural or countable in French. * These are usually but not always plural in French ** Data is the plural of datum but is commonly used as a singular noun in English *** The plurals of these nouns are unmarked in English **** These nouns are uncountable in English but countable in French In addition, adjectives that are used as nouns when referring to a group of people do not have an s in English, though they do in French: Advice  -   ConseilsAmmunition  -   MunitionsAsparagus - AspergesAttic  -   ComblesAudience  -   Spectateurs, auditeursBaggage, luggage  -   BagagesBroccoli  - BrocolisBusiness  -   AffairesTo cause damage  - Causer des dà ©gà ¢tsCereal  -   Cà ©rà ©alesChess  -   Ãƒâ€°checsClothing  - Và ªtementsContact information/name and address  - Coordonnà ©esDamage  - Dommage(s),* dà ©gà ¢tsDarkness  - Tà ©nà ¨bresData**  - Donnà ©esDebris  - Dà ©brisDeer  - Cerf(s), biche(s)***Deposit  - ArrhesTo do research  - Faire des recherchesEngagement  - Fianà §aillesEvidence - Preuve(s)****To feel remorse  - Éprouver des remordsFish  - Poisson(s)***Food  - Vivres, victuaillesForecast - Prà ©visionsFruit  - Fruit(s)****Funeral - Funà ©railles, obsà ¨quesFurniture  - MeublesGarbage, rubbish  - Dà ©chets, orduresGift (for Christmas or New Years)  - ÉtrennesGraffiti - GraffitisHair - Che veuxHavoc - RavagesHay  - Foins*Herringbone  - ChevronsHoliday(s) (British English) - VacancesHomework - DevoirsIncome  - Revenu(s), rente(s)*Information  - Informations, renseignementsKnowledge  - Connaissances* Lovemaking  - Ébats amoureux/sexuelsMath (American English)  - MathsMedicine  - Mà ©dicamentsOffal - AbatsPasta  - Pà ¢tesPeriod (to have ones period)  - Rà ¨gles (avoir ses rà ¨gles)Progress  - Progrà ¨s*Quicksand  -   Sables mouvantsRubble  - Dà ©combresScience  - Sciences*Sheep  - Mouton(s)***Shrimp - CrevettesSoftware  - Logiciel(s)****Spaghetti  - SpaghettisSpinach  -   Ã‚  Ãƒâ€°pinardsStatic  - ParasitesTheres a good chance that†¦Ã‚  -   Il y a de fortes chances que...Transportation  - TransportsVacation  - VacancesVicinity  - EnvironsVolcanic smoke and gas  - Fumerolles*Wedding  - Noces*The dead  - Les mortsThe living  - Les vivantsThe poor - Les pauvresThe rich  - Les richesThe sick -   Les maladesThe young  - Les jeunes Some Nouns Are Singular in French and Plural in English Nouns are not always singular in both French and English. Here is a list of words that are singular, uncountable, or invariable in French but are plural or countable in English. * These are usually but not always singular in French** Many French  compound nouns  are invariable, though their English equivalents are variable. News - Lactualità ©Oats - Avoine  (fem)Scales - Une  balanceDrums - La batterieBoxer shorts - Un boxer-shortSwimming trunks - Un caleà §on de bainTights - Collant(s)*Contents - Le  contenu, la  contenanceOveralls, dungarees - Une  cotteDentures - Un  dentierEpsom salts - Epsomite (fem)Stairs - Un  escalierFireworks - Un feu  dartificeFruit - Un fruit (piece of)Skyscraper - Un  gratte-ciel**Gums - La  genciveJeans - Un jeanSweat pants - Un joggingTo do the dishes - Laver la  vaisselle(Piece of) news - Une  nouvelle(Loaf of) bread - Un painPants, trousers - Un  pantalonPliers - Pince(s)*Wire cutters - Une  pince  coupanteWire strippers - Une  pince   dà ©nuderTweezers - Une  pince   à ©pilerIce tongs - Une  pince   glace  Nail clippers - Une  pince  Ã‚  onglesCoin purse, wallet - Un porte-monnaie**Pyjamas - Un  pyjamaShorts - un  shortUnderpants - Un slipSwimming trunks - Un slip de bainBellows - Un  souffletDishes, crockery (to do the dishes) - La  vaisselle  (faire  la  vaisselle) Some French Nouns Can Only Be Singular In both French and English, many nouns can be singular or plural:  un  homme  (one man),  deux  hommes  (two men),  la chaise  (the chair),  les  chaises  (the chairs). But there are quite a few French nouns that can only be singular, sometimes because the noun has a  different meaning in the plural. Here are some French nouns that can only be singular: Abstract Nouns Le bonheur - HappinessLa  chaleur - Heat, warmthLa charità © - Charity, kindnessLe  chaud - HeatLe courage - CourageLa  faim - HungerLe  froid - ColdLa  haine - HatredLa  malchance - Bad luck, misfortuneLa mà ©lancolie - Melancholy, gloomLa  peur - FearLa  soif  - ThirstLa tristesse - SadnessLa  vaillance - Courage, valor Arts and Crafts Le cinà ©ma - Cinema,  movie  industryLa couture - SewingLa  danse - DancingLe dessin - DrawingLa  peinture - PaintingLa sculpture - SculptingLe thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre - TheaterLe  tissage - WeavingLe tricot - Knitting Directions La  droite - RightLest  (m) - EastLa gauche - LeftLe  nord - NorthLouest  (m) - WestLe sud - South Materials and Matter Acier  (m) - SteelArgent  (m) - SilverLe bois - WoodLe coton - CottonLe cuir - LeatherLe cuivre - CopperLe fer - IronOr  (m) - GoldLe papier - PaperLe plastique - PlasticLe plà ¢tre - PlasterLa soie - SilkLe verre - Glass Sciences La biologie - BiologyLa botanique - BotanyLa chimie - ChemistryLa gà ©ologie - GeologyLa linguistique - LinguisticsLa philosophie - PhilosophyLa physique - PhysicsLa psychologie - PsychologyLa sociologie - Sociology Some French Nouns Can Only Be Plural In both French and English, many nouns can be singular or plural:  un homme  (one man),  deux hommes  (two men),  la chaise  (the chair),  les chaises  (the chairs). But there are quite a few French nouns that can only be plural, sometimes because the noun has a  different meaning in the singular. Here are some French nouns that can only be plural: Les abats  (m) - Offal, gibletsLes acariens  (m) - Dust mitesLes affres  (f) - Agony, throesLes agissements  (m) - Schemes, intriguesLes agrà ¨s  (m) - (Sports) apparatusLes alentours  (m) - Neighborhood, surroundingsLes annales  (f) - AnnalsLes appointements  (m) - SalaryLes archives  (f) - ArchivesLes armoiries  (f) - Coat of armsLes arrà ©rages  (m) - ArrearsLes arrhes  (f) - DepositLes auspices  (m) - Auspices, patronageLes beaux-arts  (m) - Fine artsLes beaux-enfants  (m) - Childrens spouses, in-laws / spouses children, stepchildrenLes beaux-parents  (m) - Spouses parents, in-laws / parents spouses, stepparentsLes bestiaux  (m) - Livestock, cattleLes bonnes grà ¢ces  (f) - Someones favor, good gracesLes brisants  (m) - (Ocean) breakersLes brisà ©es  (f) - Someones territory, footstepsLes catacombes  (f) - CatacombsLes cà ©rà ©ales  (f) - CerealLes cheveux  (m) - HairLes comestibles  (m) - Fine foodsLes communaux  (m) - Common landLes condolà ©ances  (f) - CondolencesLes confins  (m) - Borders, fringesLes coordonnà ©es  (f) - Coordinates Les dà ©boires  (m) - Disappointments, setbacks, trialsLes dà ©combres  (m) - Rubble, debrisLes dà ©pens  (m) - Costs, expenseLes dolà ©ances  (f) - Complaints, grievancesLes à ©bats  (m) - FrolickingLes entrailles  (f) - Entrails, gutsLes environs  (m) - Outskirts, surroundingsLes à ©pousailles  (f) - NuptialsLes à ©trennes  (f) - Fift (for  Christmas  or  New Years)Les faà §ons  (f) - Manners, behaviorLes floralies  (f) - Flower showLes fonts baptismaux  (f) - Baptismal fontLes fianà §ailles  (f) - EngagementLes frais  (m) - Expenses, chargesLes frusques (f informal) - Clothes, togs, ragsLes funerailles  (f) - FuneralLes gens  (m) - PeopleLes grands-parents  (m) - GrandparentsLes honoraires  (m) - FeesLes intempà ©ries  (f) - Bad weatherLes latrines  (f) - LatrineLes limbes  (m) - LimboLes lombes  (m) - LoinsLes mathà ©matiques  (f) - Math(s)Les mà ©moires  (m) - MemoirsLes menottes  (f) - HandcuffsLes mÅ“urs  (f) - Morals, customsLes munitions  (f) - AmmunitionLes obsà ¨ques  (f) - FuneralLes ordures  (f) - Trash, rubbishLes ouà ¯es  (f) - Gills Les pà ¢tes  (f) - Pasta, noodlesLes pierreries  (f) - Gems, precious stonesLes pourparlers  (m) - Negotiations, talksLes prà ©paratifs  (m) - PreparationsLes proches  (m) - Close relations, next of kinLes ravages  (m) - Havoc, ravagesLes reprà ©sailles  (f) - Retaliation, reprisalsLes royalties  (f) - RoyaltiesLes scellà ©s  (m) - Seals (e.g., on a door)Les semailles  (f) - Sowing, seedsLes sà ©vices  (m) - Physical cruelty, abuseLes tà ©nà ¨bres  (f) - Darkness, gloomLes thermes  (m) - Thermal bathsLes toilettes  (f) - Lavatory, restroomLes vacances  (f) - Vacation, (UK) holidayLes và ªpres  (f) - VespersLes victuailles  (f) - Food, victualsLes vivres  (m) - Food, supplies, provisions French Nouns With Different Meanings Depending on Number Some French nouns can only be singular, some can only be plural, and some have different meanings depending on whether they are singular or plural. Abattis  (m) - BrushwoodLes abattis  (m)  - Giblets, (informal) arms and legs, limbsAssise  (f)  - Wall support, foundationAssises  (f)  - Assembly, conferenceAutorità ©Ã‚  (f)  - AuthorityLes autorità ©s  (f)  - The authoritiesLe barbe  - BarbLa barbe  - BeardLes barbes  (f)  - Ragged edgeLe bois  - Wood (in general), woodwind instrumentLes bois  (m)  - Woodwind sectionLe ciseau  - ChiselLes ciseaux  (m)  - ScissorsLe comble  - Height, peak; last straw (figurative)Les combles  (m)  - AtticLe cuivre  - CopperLes cuivres  (m)  - Copper instruments, toolsLa douceur  - Softness, gentlenessLes douceurs  (f)  - Sweets, desserts; sweet talkEau  (f)  - Water (in general)Les eaux  (f)  - River/lake/sea water, wakeÉconomie  (f)  - EconomicsLes à ©conomies  (f)  - SavingsÉcriture  (f)  - Writing, (finance) entryLes à ©critures  (f)  - Accounts, booksLa faà §on  - Way, mann er, meansLes faà §ons  (f) - Manners, behaviorLe fer  - IronLes fers  (m)  - Chains, fettersLe guide  - Guide (book, tour)La guide  - Girl scout/guideLes guides  (f)  - ReinsHumanità ©Ã‚  (f)  - Humanity, mankind Les humanità ©s  (f)  - Humanities, classicsLe lendemain  - The next day, the period right afterLes lendemains  (m)  - Future, prospects, consequencesLa lunette  - TelescopeLes lunettes  (f)  - Glasses, spectaclesLa mà ©moire  - MemoryLe mà ©moire  - Memorandum, reportLes mà ©moires  (m)  - MemoirsLa menotte  - (babytalk) HandLes menottes  (f)  - HandcuffsOuà ¯e  (f)  - (sense of) HearingLes ouà ¯es  (f)  - GillsLe papier  - PaperLes papiers  (m)  - DocumentationLa pà ¢te  - Pastry, doughLes pà ¢tes  (f)  - Pasta, noodlesLe ravage  - (Literary)  pillagingLes ravages  (m)  - Havoc, ravagesLe status  - StatusLes status  (m)  - StatutesLa toilette  - Toilette, hygiene, act of getting readyLes toilettes  (f)  - Lavatory, restroomLa vacance  - VacancyLes vacances  (f)  - Vacation, holiday When talking about arts and crafts, a singular noun indicates the activity itself, while both the singular and plural refer to the product. Le cinà ©ma  - Cinema, movie industryLe(s) cinà ©ma(s)  - Cinema(s), movie theater(s)La couture  - SewingLa (les) couture(s)  - Seam(s)La danse  - DancingLa (les) danse(s)  - Dance(s)Le dessin  - The act of drawingLe(s) dessin(s)  - Drawing(s)La peinture  - The act of paintingLa (les) peinture(s)  - Painting(s)La sculpture  - The act of sculptingLa (les) sculpture(s)  - Sculpture(s)Le thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre  - Theater artsLe(s) thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre(s)  - Theaters(s)Le tricot  - The act of knittingLe(s) tricot(s)  - Sweater(s), jumper(s) Languages  are always singular (and always,  au fait, masculine). When the name of a language is capitalized, both the singular and plural indicate people of that nationality. Anglais  (m) - English languageUn Anglais, des Anglais  - An Englishman, English peopleArabe  (m)  - Arabic languageUn Arabe, des Arabes  - An Arab, ArabsLe franà §ais  - French languageUn Franà §ais, des Franà §ais  - A Frenchman, French people

WAWAP18 International Human Resource Management Essay

WAWAP18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example In the context of this research, national culture shall be considered to be the collective set of customs, beliefs, behaviours and norms that distinguish the populations of different sovereign nations. On the other hand, HRM will be considered to be the organisational function that is designed to maximise the performance of human resources (employees) in accordance with the organisational strategic objectives. Culture generally has a significant and considerable impact on the approaches organisations use to manage their employee. For example, British management theories will generally mirror the British background in which they were designed. Ideally, this means that it may not be possible to separate British management from British culture. However, HRM, among all other management practices, appears to be the most influenced and affected by cultural differences (Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, 2004). Essentially, cultural differences will have significant implications on the design of HRM strategies and how appropriate they will be. The typical work environment is characterised by business (organisational) goals. However, in international HRM, cultural differences give rise to divergent preferences and perceptions that consequently shape general organisational behaviour such as management style and decision making, work motivation, performance appraisal, rewarding, communications, work ori entation and definition of objectives (Milikic, 2009). Further, apart from organisational culture, national culture will impact on HRM practices such as staffing, career development, management and compensation. Nations may differ in many significant aspects such as the educational characteristics of the labour force and regulatory and institutional environments, but cultural differences and especially cultural values shape HRM

Business Strategy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Strategy - Article Example This is so because success is based on an organisation's ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). Within the context of today's global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). These researchers went further to argue that, this strategy has become quite common in many businesses including the retail clothing chain stores. The conventional vertical integrated company based business model is gradually being replaced by collaborative relationship between many fragmented, but complementary and specialized value stars and constellation (Wu & Chien: 1). This paper focuses on Subway Franchise Company. The paper examines the strength weaknesses opportunities and threats of this chain of restaurants. There after the paper examines its competitors at various level of the chain, the third section of the paper uses Porter's five forces framework to identify the sources of competition in the industry while the last section provides the conclusion and recommendation. According to the Compa... 1.1 Overview of Subway Sandwich Franchise According to the Company's (2008) report, Subway Sandwich Franchise is owned and operated by Doctor's Associates, Inc. (DAI). This chain of restaurant has been rated as one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with approximately 30,881 restaurants in 89 countries. The restaurant is the second largest restaurants after the Yum restaurant brands having 35000 locations. Many analysts have attributed the restaurant's fast growth to the growing concern by restaurant customers and the community. This has been capitalised on by the company's marketing department. Subway today is noted as a health concious restaurant chain. The restaurants are managed by Doctor's associates founded in 1965. The restaurant do not follow just the traditional restaurants, Subway operates in many non-traditional locations. For instance, the Company's (2008) reports states that, there are over 900 Subway locations inside of Wal-Mart stores and 200 on military bases, including several in Iraq, in addition to three located inside the Pentagon, some universities and other shops (Company Report 2008). 1.2 SWOT Analysis of Subway Franchise Strengths Better Value, in the form of lower prices. Fresher merchandise and wider assortments of sandwiches. Superior Locations Better physical appearance of the restaurants themselves. Good will, exclusive rights with some of their suppliers. Maximisation of the four Ps of Marketing at all front. High capital and a pool of reserves, and cheap credit facility offered in some locations. The Employees, 30,881 restaurants around the world. cheaper, better